Newspapers / The North-Carolina Star (Raleigh, … / Dec. 8, 1852, edition 1 / Page 1
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KOBTH C1R0US1 "fwtrfBl is Inlrltrftni!, moral aid pgydrtl iruirrn, the laid of tar ifrri ind koine if inr iffrcttoBS. TEKS TnMIm It Umn. TUOliS J.tElli, Edit'- VOL. XLIII. Tiinvs. tf aait strictly sawn, f'pr sa ..., tJ M H ssid ithl u ",,ll"' $3 "" Bi2vHirT4INa.--'I 8iww W lines) Irsl Inrtrtisa tl, 4 ssstsssv sakssaaset irti- AM AUnREiS, Delivered btort the Edgttomht Jgricvfturnt Satiety, at iff Annual Meeting for 1831, BY Dr. JAS. JF. PHH-irs. ; (Concluded.) 1 dull look upon myself, gentlemen, de parting from the duties assigned me to-dsy.to wile you with iny expressions of flattery; but candor and truth force ma In the declaration, that 1 am now addressing myself to as intelli gent, industrious, energetic, and successful a body of farmers, as ran he assembled, in any one county, not only of North-Caro.lina,mil nf any Stale in the Union. Hut while I say litis, and believe what I say, permit me s gain lo ask you, do ynu know any thing of Ihese fundamental principles of agriculture, to which your attention has been diawn do you know any thing about the elements con tained in your soils, your manures or your vegetablesr 1 pawn lor your consideration. Now, if vou know no law, and are under the government of no law in your farming epera tiont.it it plain that if you shall be so tnecess ful is to stumble upon a correct principle, snd attempt to carry it out, it may be defective in mode or degree or both. If you apply lime to your soil, the general principle is correct, for all well balanced soils should have a due proportion of this necessary ingredient. If you shall apply lime to a soil which already has a plenty of it, you pervert this correct principle, and use it wholly wrong. If you shall apply the same quantity of lim,e lo a soil, partially, as to one entirely wanting in it: your error in this consists in degree, or the manner of using a correct principle. It the vegetable you wish lo cultivate delights more in potash than lime, and you shall apply the latter for its use, il. is quito perceptible, that, in this substitution nf one article for another of primary choice, you attempt to airain na ture beyond those correct and fixed laws which govern her, and that ynu use a correct material fur all soils, to an improper design in thi inetaneer- I might multiply these exam ple to an almost innumerable extent; not on ly as applicable to the present syttem of ma nuring, bnt to various other business opera tions upon your farms and in candor and truth aay lo ynu that they must con inne is such and prohahly m ill ever continue, until corrected by the lights ol analytical chemistry and physics. 1 sssure you that physical na ture tequires that, to produce a perfect result, a correct cause musi-hf resorted to. In your attempts to grow a vegetable it is with the view of making it is perfret as possible. By . thejpnlicatjim object in view is In obtain ibis result, or pe-l feel growth. Now to obtain litis JlwinT;-Or perfect vegetable growth requires that every vegalable sh:ill be aourished with that mate rial in which it most delight. To have more perfect understanding of your business, the first inquiry which shou'd present itself to your mind, should be, of what elementary prinniplea is the vegetable composed which ynu design to rr.w. The second inquiry should be directed to ascertain of what elementary mailer is the soil composed on which it is designed to grow such vegetable; does it contain that ele mentary matt-r, particularly nf the ivmrranic elements, ncccsarv to the growth of the veg etable: if nut, it becomes the primary duty of the farmer to furnish Ins sou with tho wanting material, be it nne or more substances Some elements are required in larger quantity than others. In looking over the constituents of the ash of the cotton plant, in its vsrious parts the stalk, the seed, ami the wool, it ts dis eoverable that though there is a similarity of constituency in each, in its inonranic mat ter, yet the proportion in each varies much. Thost elements which figure larger than oth ers ars potash, lime and phosphoric acid; this It likely to direct the mind to these, as, those nlr of primary necessity; and to the neglect of the smaller quantity constituents, as that nf Hilira, Magnesia, Chlorine, Sulphuric acid and even Iron neither the laws of nature or the lawa of chemical affinity, allow nf any more importance to be attached to those Isrger quantity ingredien! than to the smaller: for as a small wheal in complicated machinery. become necessary lo the complete mechanism f the whole, without which the machine it not complete or available, so these smaller quantity itigre Jienta in combination, of ihe various parts of the' cotton plant, perforin im portant oflices, and are at essentially necessa ry to the formation, and healthy organization, and growth of tin plant at thnss larger con aiiiuems. Both the larger and smaller mgre . dients perform their part in life and none, how aver amall or insignificant to the farmer, can be dispensed with; and what has been illus trated by lhaeniinn plant, it equally applica ble lo other vegetables, of different and vsri constituents. .-- ' I do not design to enter into a minute in vestigation ol vrgelnthle analysis; bur by way f illustrating a general principle still further, w will take from the eollon plant two of its elements, phosphoric acid and lime in the ash of the stalk we discover, lesving fractions out, thai nf one hundred parte, lime makes np one nineteenth and phosphoric acid one-twru-ty-eiilith part. ' These two substances . in Combination, make phosphate of lime or bone earth; bf examining tha ash of the seed we discover that ol one hundred parts, phosphate of lime or bone earth make 01 .per cent. and f that of the wool 85 per cent., Now suppose Tour toil it naturally deficient in this com pound and it it net supplied, do you expect you would poKlt.es a perfect vegetable tn all .. parts: certainly vou do nol. If vour oil contains a sufBcieney of the phosphate of complete the stalk in luxuriant growth. n nnmn with the other necessary Ingredients, ami that it shall then become deficient, or , wanting in the toil, to the decree of not ma turing Hie teed and wool, it it not reasonable to tuppose that you may have an early tliril. : y piaut which will not bear, or produce the cotton wool, tha true object in view of its giuwiill , ell known lo practical farmers ... momm vcgeiauee will obtain belter growth n otls lhanothers. There it no doubt, yon have often heard the remark made in vour intercourse will, i one a,.iirl.Uu ,k, T nao ottcoverrd by ei f" ywMw" aotnr Trftirfc. ii"Xle'r lanJs,' better than others. Some ranuot grow wheat, some cotton, some potatoes. , Some will say j they can produce a beautiful cotton weed, but it will bear but Utile cotton. Now whenever you hear these eompUiute offered, yon may correctly conclude that the toil it deficient in the inorganic matter which the vegetable needs, and that all attempts to grow the vegetable upon such soil, without first renovating it with the required elements, is hut tn endeavor to obtain an effect with a proper cause. When we cast onr observation over Ihe animal king dom, we discover that every genua and even every species has an extern il appearance and organization peculiar to itself, if we extend our observation still further we discover that each race haa some peculiaraity in its mode of fuelling; some delight in one kind ofj feed, and others in other kinds; and that they have the power of locn-motion lo go in pursuit of that dipt in which they most delight. If we, in contrast, examine the vegetable kingdom we discover likewise the same great difference in external appearances, and organized stiuc ture, as compared nne with the other: but if we wish to extend Our observation still further in regard to their feed, which we cannot see, or know anything about, except from the efTect or result growing nut of it, we are reduced lo the necessity, whenever we wish to grow them in greater perfection, to resort lo analyli- eeatexperimenl, and inductive reasoning, to dis cover their wants. And deprived as they ire nf Ihe power of locomotion, if these wanta are not within their reach, it become the busi ness of the farmer to funisli them. I will venture an opinion, that there is not a member of this society, who, if made ac quainted, by chemical analysis, with ihe con stituents of his soil as a basis foi his experi mental operations, anil wild the henehl ol read ing the agricultural periodicals, and I assure you every farmer should lake them, snd read them likewise: will find much difficulty in growing his crop nf vegetables Upon a prop, er soil. Rut this however should not be whol ly relied upon at first; aoti should have Ihe ilvice, anil direction of one who it sufficient ly well acquainted, wiih the mutual action, and changes produced in combined matter, by chemical forces. Theie is murh prejudice- io overcome in all new changes people, arc "reluctant lOgive up old habits, and usages, and to adopt new, or to them untried experiments. It is indeed per- ffcuoa Enough with tome io know how their ancestor worked, and lo follow irfttheir foot steps; but those gentlemen should bear in mind, that their ancestors had control of vir gin lands, which were brought under tillage wiw an expectation ot exhausting then.. And truly this has been fully realized; for many soils which were originally fertile and productive, are now seen to grow only the pine bush and other growth peculiar to soils exhausted of their inorganic msterial. iTii gentlemen is ihe sge of discovery ; it is the age of peace, work, and progress. To stand sill it to soon get behind the timet. TheTesreTtow many worthy- men-directing jtjieir lalents to estahlish agriculture upon a firm scieimic oasis; anil wny snail we not con- irbutt o:ir part Ldgeromb is far ahead of her neighbors in experimental, and successful farming. Mia it viewed as the bright star in ;he f irnii ig galaxy ef North Carolina by her aister counties her modes of culture are looked upon a proper samples lo guide their own ho haa the atari ahead, let her hold IL Let her course be onward and progressive in agricultural experiments, thai herexampletnay continue to be sought, and thought worthy of imitation. Let her so shape, her course, Ihst through all lime In come, she will be a light and a guide. Marl is plenty aahea and char coal can be had by the labor of burning the wood, salt is cheap, organic materials inex haustible. If however by ua analyaia of the soil anything is found wanting, it should be supplied.' Let these experiments in finning lie continued ; but let them he directed by the lights of science. We do not live in those primitive ages, when man relied upon the spontaneous production of Ihe earth for his support we do not live in the second ae which relied only upon phyaical force in stir ring ihe anil a little, and at an early period, of tne grow in ni ine plant turning it over into Die nanas oi nature io complete its maturity. A wrong principle at the foundation will carry itself, through all Ihe ramifications and show itself, in ihe must minute details of ag riculture, as turbid .water must ever flow in the various hranrhet and little streams, which take their origin in sn impure fountain ; then ynu should be mimllul lo start from a correct nria ciple or their fountain. One correct principle well understood is calculated lo lead to others; and to correct innumerable errors in the de tail of small matters. We have now arrived at the last stage of farming, when th light of science is o accnnnl for the success of tht pst,snd direct it to the improvement of ihe future. Art hat ever been the precursor of sr.ience. and agriculture haa been pursued merely at in art an imitative art. Science has ever been alow to lend her assistance to any branch of business, until il has worked its way by experiment into a respectable stand i then will scienre follow on, and write in legible lan guage all lhal ia worth prcservating and blot out the errors of the past. Observation and exper iment taught the first cultivators of tht toil, that a certain natural growth indicated a toil which would pay for cultivation this may be viewed at nature's unerring guide t but the unnatural process ol tillage has, m many parts. dime away with this fact and other modes nf arriving at correct knowledge most be resort ed to. The days are pasted, or passing awty quite fast, when Iht farmer can subdue the natural forest, exhaust il by tillage and go in pursuit of more of like quality. Ha begins lo discover the necessity ami value of manure. as the only tvailamt meant of perfect success; and in tee more correct knowledge vf Its form alion and application, lie feels the want of knowing what hit soil needt I ha feels the want of knowing the mnst easy and direct way of supplying this want; though in the way of improvement, ha hat done much, that is correct in principlt, without being able to say any tiling mora about it than that ha hat applied manure. Indeed this it all; and bus iness conducted in this way ia well calculated to lead lo an imitative routiniam in detail, and tha establishing of panaceas, or emphyricai facts. Ask a farmer bow he hat succeeded in the production or certain crops t he will tell you, that he did it by Ihe use of a certain sys tem of manuring.' Ask hit neighbor who hss pursued ihe tame system, why fat hat not been squally ae successful ,J snd he will atones) candjdtar acknowledge ihaLbc ,uW.l know. lie will probably condemn the whole plan as useless, at any ralrt upon bit farm. Now if RALEIGH, WEDNESDAY MORNING, all soils were alike, the same system nf roai, igemenl would lead to tht tame result, and f rove equally beneficial ; hut as they are not, il certainly behooves every man to know, what his soil haa, and in what it is deficient, in ihe inorganic material; and there is but nne way lo do thi, and that is by a correct analy sis. Upon this alone must agriculture depend lo relieve itself from superstitious habits, and the belief in panaceas and universal rem edies. Then gentlemen I appeal In your juajgrnent, your good understanding. Is il not high time that you should have your agricultural chem ist ? Is it not time lhal this society shall bteak through, the prejudice of the age, and show to the world, that il is not so devoted to old hab its, and usaires, as to forever follow the same blind experimental cou.se 1 If ynu jreilien prepared to enter into il, however untried it may he in this minute way, aay so at once, and act at once. An over-cautiousness has ever been the stumbling block to improvement a loo penurious calculation has always had a baneful efTect upon agriculture, as ynu daily discover ; for some men can never see the benefit lobe derived from spending one dollar in the improvement of the toil, that two ray be realized. Then if ynu can bring ynir minds lo a knowledge of the necessity of em ploying sn agricultural chemist, suffer no pro crastination, no delay ; but do it at once You should be the first lo break through the prejudice of the times, and show lo the world that whaf was once in ridicule and derision applied lo Edgecombe on another and differ ent subject, is not applicable to this society in regard to agriculture that where ignnrsnco is bliss, 'lis folly io be wise." Yon should act promptly, decidedly, anil effectively : act at once and let the thing he done. I am well aware that the expense will appear heavy up on the society, but it it in expense, that will prohahly not lust beyond one yevr ; and by this expenditure each member will have a cor rect basis for his experimental operations for many succeeding years. Under these succeed ing operations, yon will be enabled lo account fr the laws ofdisappniulmentor success, ard will have contributed much lo found the sci ence of agriculture upon correct principles ; for to establish this upon a firm basis, and correct principles, requires both aeie.ice and ex periment. In the capacity of a society we can do much. We ran do it with much more ease and economy than in any other way. Gentle men what is a society, but a concrete aggre gate nf many parts, combined for mutual pro tection, mutual assistance and mutual benefit : with a design In accomplish in this collective or aggregate capacity, lhal which cannot be to easily or economically accomplished by any one of its integral parts. Edgecombe it our mother, she gave us hirtll and sustained us to manhood :"shnu1d we ever think of deserting her f certainly not. But rather than that, the r a on bio doty falls upon ut to assist her in her. old age, and broken down constitution. If we can judge by the energy snd spirit of the past, as exhibited by Ihe members oi this so ciety ; and look a little into the future, I think there can be hut one view taken, in regard to lire plan ot founding agriculture upon those analytical principles, which I have indicated and that the county of Edgecombe will be Ihe pioneer in this nniried field : for I know of no insuuice, in which either a Slate or county society has employed a Chemist to carry out analysis for agricultural purposes, in system atic, minute and precise detail, and apecial benefit o each member. Il should ever be a maxim to be followed. that what is worthy of doing, it worthyof being done well ; and if we are nol prepared to do it well, then should we not do it at all. Upon the subject before us, this maxim is decidedly applicable. If we employ an agricultural chemirt, we should not nullify ourselves by emplovingany pretender to litis art. And there art indeeilquttesnunilwrof these springing up, who will work cheap. Cheap chemist are all of mushroom growth, and not reliable. A man, thoroughly acquainted with analytical chemistry, cannot he obtained tor less than '2()00 per year ; but analysis performed by t competent chemist can be relied on ; and if the analyses cannot be relied on, but give us a false basis, we had certainly better have none. All pretenders tn an irt, of which they know but little or nothing, should be kept out nf the path of science, at teachers Tor tha world la loo much inclined to believe in ihe pretensions of those intruders into nature's laws, whether st applied lo agriculture, chemistry, medicine : or other branches, having the investigation of of the laws of nature in view. There an empyriea in all branches of learning: empyrict in medicine, empyrics in law, empyrics in chemistry and empyrict hi all useful and honorable occupations. Yet even empyrics wilh license. Like the ig-, nit utniis or jack with . the lantern, they spring Up and delight in dark placet, and have of'ttn led the unwary into obscure and doubtful wtyt But if il doet cost llje socie ty two thousand dollars per year, I feci per fectly safe in pledging my reputation at a man of judgment, that in lest than five yean you ill ill be pleased with the experiment, and pleated wiih your expenditure ; and will moreover hare realized at the expiration of such time, fourfold, probably tenfold, your ex penditure, l ou now support some half doz en lawyer aid probably twice that num ber of physicians in this county, fur tht purpose of receiving tha protection of their science and skill, at a yearly ex pense of five or ten timet the wages of an agricultural chemist : and 1 eannot and will not believe, until it it proved to the con trary, thai the members of this society wilt not avail themselves of that ligld in their agri cultural operation! which the laws of chem istry can afford, I know the intelligence of this society. 1 . know something of their yearly expenditure of labor and money in their vsrious attempts at improving their toils, and I am thoroughly convinced thai a little reflecciion will snow lo them, tint the tame system of improvement will not suit all toils dike; nor Hit tame plsnl crow with the same luxuriance upon milt thus treated t and thai they arc Ire and willing , to anaiui this light expenditure for one year in the waget of a acienlinc chemist and experienced operator, by which doubts can be ciplauicd, and eiper iroenlt made clear. ': -' ' You have work hard, you have labored murh In 'be improvement of your lands, yot have dona muck within iht last five or ten years, snd I am well aware that tht result bat bean marked w ith much sueoetf in the increase of errmvv but this , should not, 'aU'fjjyWj.d10 tint age wl advauceiiient, for a is nol known,! by tht saim to wlut.ilegrea of produeuvencsa lite toil may I in a wsy of be brought. You hive' full evidence ofdiisl (gentlemen may think and say lliey a re in some of your lands now yielding 1000 .now doing well, under tht old experimental pounds nf teed cotton per tcre, which few ! system. In reference lo ihe nasi, it must be ye irt sgo would not have produced 3tWJ pounds. If I can be permitted to look acinic into futurity, and exercise the privilege of a prophet (though I claim no power in lhal way mora than other men) I sh.vu'd say that by a proper improvement nf the soil, it will not be ahardmalterfor.yeu.in alcw years, under such seasons, at the laal two years, lo raise the pro ductiveness M your soils lo Ihe point of yield ing 1000 or 2300 pounds of cotton per acre. This is no vissionary hope, bul judging from the past, I 1 1i in k it perfectly practicable. Only a few years ago, 100 pounds of cotton was thought fine work for a hand to pick out in nne day, if at lhal period a prediction hail been nude thai in a few years, ihe samo hand would pick out S or G00 pounds, who would have believed it. snd yet it is done- Now gentlemen, it is known, that there is a point beyond which human power cannot be carried; but it is not known by i.ny exper iments vet made, to what ttltimaie , point the productiveness of the soil can lie carried ; and I have no doubt that if tinder scientific princi ples, the same exertions were, for ihe next ten years, directed towards the improvement' of the soil, at have been used fur the last ten years lo stimulate labor, the increase of pro- iluciiveness will be 100 per cent. This in deed should be a primary eonaideralion. I'he most of farmers in the South cultivate loo much land for llteir force, and even wilh the beat cultivate il loo slovenly. Thesyt tern of manuring in such a way as lo feed the vegetable of the growing crop, instead of feed ing ihe toil, for the growth nf i succession bf vegetables, I think must be abandoned in part, as loo laborious, and rlover and the g rases raised more largely and turned in mora freely in a green slate. It is certainly a more pleasant mode of fanning, to cultivate one hundred acres of land which will yield as much as two ; and withal there is much saving of labor by it, and the man who first lays the example, becomes abencfuctor to his race. We have heard much said in regard to book farming, and I am sorry lo tay that I have heard of its being used, by way of de rision, by good men of our own county. I hardly know what to say of these old-fashion ed, stand still penny-wise class of farmers. If they are contented with the routine plans of ihe last century or the centt.ry before, as handed down from father tn win as content ment is a desirable thing in this world of trou ble, we should not disturb Ibsir quietude But at anany ol these are good men, but mis taken in their views) or without the proper lights of science; we should meet them friend ly, wa should treat them politely ; we should indeed look upon their acts ss excusable. Indeed I am willing that we shall " go still further aud view their course at eminently excusable , and it certainly cannot be consi dered offensive 40 tay, that Ihe acta of a man are excusable or eminently .to, Yet, gentlemen, we must construe the ants and words of til such men as emanating from a most excusable wessorss. Nothing in the way of change of old usages and habits, to new, however reasonable or plausible, can be brought forward, but up starts atones a parly, with derision and ridicule, their only availa ble weapons, tgaintl reason and science, snd with bitter enmity will endeavor tn put it down. This however, should not in the least disturb us; but in the. conviction of the cor redness of our plans, wa should pursue our way lo a final and successful result, undisturb ed by any aet of men ; whila we quietly suf fer them to grope their way iu iht dark, un lit the light of scientific experiment is raised before them, which as imitating animals, thty will certainly adopt. There must and will be laggards and drones in all communities; ! and In Ihe best ol eauses. Experimental art is the foundation of all science nf matter. 1 1 hat been Ihe law of the ana, to first lesil the way in tha dark, by varied and doubtful ex periment; as a blind man will feel around the wallt4fa house and stumble over ehairt in his endeavors lo find thtdoor; and it it never un lit many of these experiments have been re duced to a successful result, that the corre lative sciences will corns forward, wilh their laws and show the phenomena of changes and the cause of tueeess. Chemistry has probably been directed mora lo ihe science of medicine than any oth er branch or learning, ufTsrt within the last 30 years that science hat been completely revolutionized by il, particularly in discover ing the proximate principles of medicine. Many of the older members of this society can recoiled when his physician gave him his ounce or bark lo swallow in the day. It is lo chemistry lhal ihe world it indebted for '.he discovery of the active principle of bark; and what had formerly In he iccomplishad with an ounce of hark, can now be eflectcd hy itt active principle In a few grains of quinine; may we not look forward to the period, when chemical analysis will so thed its lights over agricultural experiment, at in render the sys tem or Ihe improvement or the anil tnd vege table culture, more easy, lhat farmers will bt relieved from tint laborious system of manur ing at pursued at the present day.ss in the tak inr of a, few grains of quinine in lieu of lift) ounce ol bark? Shall wt not look forward with hope to the lime, when some more concentra ted principle, wilt bt discovered, Ihst will re lieve the agriculturist from Ihe tedious gather ing up and hauling of to large an amount of Ihe elements of water, air and carbon' Though chemistry hat been direcuvr m ards agriculture a few years, yet within these few much good has been done; but yel there it much to investigate, and il will prob ably be several years before a sufficient num ber of fsuia can be established to found agri culture upon a firm scientific basts; tins how ever it no plausible reason why we shall not avail ourselves of the dtcovenes already nude. To make proper advances requires lbs co-operation of chemistry and experiment alonef but lha period hat now arrived when many experiments can be directed by chemistry; for instance, that ol professor bhepliard, in hit analysis or Ihe tweet potatoe; by thit an alytis, he arrived at lha conclusion thai pot ash would be a good manure lor the growth of this delicious tseulenl. - Tht experiment was tried and proved correct. : Here wa tea a man whs probably never grew a potaloa in hit life, tpeaking from bit laboratory, through lha light vf chemistry, recommending a prin ciple which experiment proved lo be correct; and by which a. tcteniiuc fact was establish MlfMt tfMm h.j lf ,i.S.k. n process, and many are yet being I proper investigation, - DECEMBER 8, 1852.; acknowledged lhal this is rompnralively cor rect; but if applied In fulure, I hef ihe privi lege lo offer my dissent to. it. Prophesy is now t cheap commodity, and Ihe common privilege of all men; and 1 will venture again in look into futurity. Now I have no doubt of this fuel, and lime Ihe recorder of ihe a vents of every present moment, that aueh e-! ven's may be hmughl up in comparison wiih the recorded events of any future moment, may record thitr lhat the lime is not far dis tant, when, if there it a tract of land for tale, on. of Ihe material points ol information giv en nr required, will be the constituent elements of its soil; tint lhat there will be fanners suf ficiently skilled in agricultural chemistry In judfe hy 'his iuformation, whether or not the soil is well proportioned and sn constituted as to be productive ; or whether or not it will require much labor or expense to render it so, and tn what vegetables il is better adapted. 'I'he age of agricultural science, though now in its dawn, will soon shine forth with noon day effulgence. The most pleasant lo abor ia in the early part of ihe day ; shall we not rise in trie morning ol agricultural science wilh clear heads, ami renovated nerves, and contribute our share towards Ihe grand result of raising it to a more respectable aland a- inoni her sister sciences. (ientlemen. wilh a voiee naturally weak. and incapable of much extension more ac customed to tl.e suppressed tones of the tick room, than to exercises like Ihe present; now broken tnd taerccly heard upon Ihe pass ing breeze, I am warned lhat it ia time tn draw these remarks to a close. Before 1 do how ever, let us sulfur our minds to dwelt upon mailer, and the wnnderhil wisdom, power, and order displaced by omnipotence in the ersaiion of and nulling it to geiher. Iteiitlemen, there ia a sublime beamy in re curring in imagination, to thai period, whi n omnipotence anil wisdom was to fully uis played in Ihe creation nf this earlli and all things therein. Imagine when all wat cha os. Imagine a heing to wise anil powerlul lhat nut of chana, he can form the heavens, and earth. Imagine litis) "earth without form and void," and covered with outer darkness. Imagine a majestic form moving "upon the fact of the waters i" at whose command dark ness was dispelled, and light broke forth upon the waters of the deep.- Behold him com manding ihe waters under the heaven tn "be gathered together unto one place ; and the dry land to appear." Behold him com manding the dry land to "bring forth gros, Iht kerb yitlding tetd, and lha fruit tree yielding fruit after hit kind." Then behold liiin commanding that the water brine forth "the moving creatures lhat hath life ;" and that the esrth "bring forth the living creature f his kind, cattle, snd creeping thing, and beast of the earth after hit kind." Imagine a being capable uf all thit wonderful work, then saving "Jet ut make jtian jn ogi ;jwn image ;' "lei them have dominion over ihe fish of the lea ; and over all the earth and over ever' iry creeping thing lhat ereepelh npnn li." Here we aro informed hy intlis- the earth, putable history, Ihe highest of all law, lhal mailer was first crested in a crude tali earth snd water, and "firmaneut or air out of this sprang forth onr mixed matter in the vegeiaSle I then Ihe animal and man Were ereated to use and consume lha organized matter formed by the vegetables I for it wat not designed lhal man or tniinal cmtl l lorm or produce any portion of organized mailer, bul merely consume lhat which is put together under chemical, physicial, and vital forces by the vegetable, Chemistry opens a field of wonderful re search into the idietinmena nf nature. To torrectly comprehend these phenomena, il requires lhat you shall bt able to pass around them, tee their form and proportions ; slid thn various faces which they present, muter the action of different laws, vkii wnndurful in contemplate the vegetable, in chemical and vital relation to ourselves. It it indeed won ilrrful lo know, lhal we sprang from ihe rarlh. through the vegetable, and must again return lo il. The laws of science teach u that the proprr office of lha vegetable is to organize mailer from those sixteen elements named at food and for oilier purposes, for the animal. The vegetaldr derives itt material of growth. or matter for organization from lha earth, air and water, fhe animal derives his material of growth from ihe vegetable i therefore man it of the earth, and of gases; and auto iht earth again under iht laws nl matter, mutt ht return ; there Ut bt decomposed, aud the greater part of him converted into gates. which aro to feed vegetables, which vegeta' bles, are to feed other animals, By this gentlemen you can discover, some nf those wonderful changes constantly taking place in maltei ; and Hint what now consli lules, a pait of the system of the ' man of commanding intellect, who hat surprised the world with ilia txienl of hit research may enter into thai vegetable which il consumed by tha most insignificant of Ihe animal crea tion and become a part of us organization so lhat what constituted a part of the philoso pher, may go to constitute a goose or "creep ing thing." How wonderful ind -ed am the wnrktof omnipotence ! The mora you are able ii comprehend these phenomena, the mora are you drawn, in roverruc" and love, to die author of your existence ; end tht mora do you feet your own insignificance, and dependence, upon his wisdom, power, and charity. The lawt of nature are but a rredium language a language without words; but full of meaning 'lull of rrasont placed by tha Creator between Himself snd his rational creature. T herefonf irenlleinen, lha more you study these lawt, lbs more you become acquainted with this language, the more Inii inals communion will you hold with lhal all powerful and wise being, who it "Alpha and Omega, the beginning aud Ihe and, tht first and the laal of all mailer; and tha wiser and happier men, Ihe heller farmers, and (lie more worthy eitizent will you become, " t FATAL MORTALITY,, , . I About tlie 4th of August tha family vf Al len Junes, residing soma leu miles from tins city wat attacked with a dangerous fever, sinea which time, hit wifo, two sons, and three daughters have died. And It seems re markable lhal every one of the family thai hat been attacked, hat died.t . Hucir an in stance of mortality is seldom witnessed. Mr. Jones and three children are Uie only lqni,-mL.f niy.al,tn TUflM, thought not U b4 ii.fecunnt. How tnysteri-1 I'he Speaker anmnincjid ihe unfinished bus out are Ihe way! of Providence. CAur. Sun. ' intJi to be the motion of Mr. Krwi.iio adjourn, LMiULATIVU PltOlliUUI !!. SENATE. Tuesday, Nov. 30, 1833. Mr. Watson, from the committee on Irnn osiiions and Urievanees, lo whom wat refer red the hill tn emancipate Iwia Williams, reported the same back In the Senate and re commended its passage, laid on the table. Mr. Walton aim reported adversely lo sl ier ihe line of Madison and established the county of Warm Springs. Laid on the table; and lo alter Ihe b.tundary lines between Lin coln and Caldwell,, .. . . , On motion nf Mr. Cunningham, a message wat sent M tha Commons, proposing tn to to la sn election of Senator to-day al I Jl o'clock. Mr. I.sns introduced a bill in give tha conn ty courts of Un.ilololi jurisdiction over the sale of real Cslato for division amongst joiul tenants and tenants in common; winch passed its first reading ami wat referred, . Tlie bill lo incorpornle lha Bank of llie Tobacconists of North Csroliua, was rrjeclr ed. II IOI7. . : The engrossed bill In appoint a Superinten dent of Common Schools, sVe.l pasted its third reading and wat ordered to ba enrolled. The engrossed hilt lo amend lha Oih sec lion of tlie set of 1844, enneerniug common schools, pastes) its third reading and waa or dered lo ba enrolled. , The bill tn)protet ilia good eilizebt of tha Stale as.air.ai a great nuisance, wat read die second lima. , Mr. Albright moved an amendment: hut before the question wat taken, lha further consideration of lha subject was temporarily responded, and subsequently laid na lha table. When, on motion of Mr. (Miner, the use of the Hall was tendered in the Electoral Col lege to-morrow at 13 o'clock. '1 he special order, heing ihe engrossed hill In amend ihevonsiiluium, called ihe leu tw- Vagt liitl, waa rejected on itt brat reading hy the lolluwing voie: , .. ;.- ,f ,, , Thost whs voted for iht bill, are Mcesr. Al britton, Arondell, Burrow, Horry, Bower, ltoyil. llniirden, Uuntinz, Csblwvll, Csnnady, Clark. taillins, vunniguam, lme, llargravs. Herring, W, Jones. Ksrr, l.lllincton, McDowell, UleMil, Ian, Murrhlson, t'wson, Shaw, Spslghs, 8teele, Thomas, Ward, Washington, Watsua aal With' trs 31. -. TIiam vnUrl m n t n Ik l.ttt H Umm. Albright, llyaunt, C'uwpr, 11. die, T. f. Jones, Jtiyner, Kelly. Lane, Met 'lees, Mitchell, Murray, rainier, Iticliardson, J hoinpsun, lllry aua n uounn io. The constitutional majority of Iwn thirds of tht Senate not voting m the sflirmaiive, lite Speaker announced lhat tht bill was rejected. On motion of .Mr, Hoke, lint vole wta re considered, and ihe said bill wst laid on the labia, and made 1'ia special order fur i ruloy neil. - - 1- . The engrosocd bills to Incorporate the Chapel 1 1 ill and Ourhamsvillt and Ilia I,um bertnn andCspe Fear I'lank Bnad Compa nies, wars amcnueu, nnsseu incir is si reauing lira rvtuioeu m m? swiiiihiiiip jvt iiicik ivs curcnea in ihe amendments. t , , ; ; The Senate adjourned, ; HOUSE OF COMMONS. .1": f.; Tuesday, Novemlier 30, 1834V The unfinished business of yesirrda v, be ingiht bill to repeal an art establishing Jackson county was token up, Ihe question bring on Love a amendment In slnko nut iht repealing bill and insert a supplemental bill ff orgaiiixng h cuuntyt and ilia amend' inenl wst adopted, ' Mr Bmith, of Halifax, said tie wna confi dent lha House, did not understand tlie ques tion wnen tne repealing mil was urn-Ken out, sud therefore moved lo rceon.idur the vole. , ';; , ,- ' , , .. .. . Mr. Avery enquired if Mr, Smith had voted tn fit aflirinative, r. Smith taid'lie'had not voted il all. The Speaker taid tht motion wat in or der, ss a member not voting at ill wat sup posed in gtva hit assrnl' Mr Fagg, of Buncombe, rppealed from the decision ol Hie Speaker, Mr. Phillips, of Orange, taid lhal he lis voted in the ommatire, and would move tn reeniisider if Mr. Sttith would withdraw his motion. ' - ..- , Mr. Smith withdrew hit motion and Mr. Phillips moved to reconsider; sud the motion prevsilrd. , Mr. Wheeler, of Lincoln, proceeded to ail dress Hit llovse al length, - - Messrs. Webb of Rutherford, Hill of Dn pi in. and Caldwell of CSuilford also addressed the House. i u . vj.- j , r Tha hour nf I J o'clock having arrived tha Speaker aniv wirecd Ihe special order to bt Ihe hill to amend tho Act to incorporate Ihe Cape Feir and Deep river navigation company; which, on motion of Mr. Avery, wit postpon ed to 3) o'clock this' evening. Mi. Cherry spoke in favor of repealing: the county, and Messrs. Raid, of Duplin, and Avery against it. "';.::".u;.,v .... : The question occurring upon tha adoption of the amendment it wat adopted, yets 01), nays 30. ' -'"-"-"'. , ..' ., Tht hour of I o'clock having arrived the Speaker announced Ihe bill b incorporate the North Carolina tnd Tennessee railroad company at the special order, tnd on motion ol Mr, Avery it wat postponed until 13 o' clock on Thursday next. ; The bill lo repeal Jackson county, at t aiended, waa then put upon its second read ing and passed yeaa 77JJMI 85 - v , A mestnga wat reeried from the Senate transmitting the following engrossed resolu tion snd bills' , : v A resolution requesting onr Representatives in iongress io use uirir iiiuucncs m ainiusn the duty on railroad Hon, Paiscd unanimous ly. Hill lo amend an aet entitled an act con eerninf Ihe drainaec of low lands. Bill tn incorporate the trustees of Welseyan lemale college." . . . . mil to amend tha charier of Davidson col' lege. ' Bill to incorporate ihe Bladen steamboat company. a , Bill hi im.orporle . tht bank of Charlotte Referred to Judiciary etiininiltlee, ' ; -' On motion of Mr. rhillipt tha bill la in corporate the North Carolina and Atlantic rail road company wat made the special order for tomorrow II o eli-ek. - t The hour of 'j o'clock tiaiing arrived Ihe House look a reresa. o. , , , t - v . ; . i n.l Z ,J!im AiKol.m- 3 J o'clock. I- NO. m. and that lha yeas and nays had Keen demand ed. The mil wat called and Ihe retiik wst yestS,Biyt 93, Tha special order, being iht bill enncem ing the Cape Fear and Deep river navigation company, wst lake op. - - Mr. McNeill moved to postpone sill Thursday, 1 o'clock, which waa not agreed to. ;. ; ; Tha reading nf lha original bill Wat dis pensed with, and ihe substitute reports by ihe Committee, at an amrnduaeut, wat reed,' : . - - ' Mr. Fagg moved to postpone die further consideration of the bill umil to-morrow week. " v "" Mr. Caldwell, of Coil ford, -nbtained the floor, hut gave way, and On mution of Mr. Webb, the House ad journed. ' SE.NA'rn. . , , AYkdncsdst, Dee. I. I8M. Mr. Wathingmn presented tlie petition of Richard N.. Taylor and others, praying ror permission w const met a plank mad from H.iekton't Old Field to point near fnow '' Hill. Jaid oh the table,. -Mr. Joyner, from Ihe select ro-nmhtee n the subject, reported bill 'segutaiing the fisheries in the Estlern pert of this Slate. Patted first resiling and ordered ht be prinird. ' -:...':' ' Bills IxTaopticcn. By Mr. McMillan, a Sill ftw the better erf. u'attoa of the warden ol lit poof for lha. 1 county of Onslow. u . Hy Mr. Jovner, a bill directing iht puMi - Treasurer to surrender bonds M lha Ken hoard and Knannka Railroad Company. By Mr. Washington, bill lo incorporate the Ntmsw River and Pnow HiU Plank Road Cumpa- These bille passed their hrst reading. ' Mr. Bvnum, from tht eommillee to whom was referred the bill in relation to executors - ef last witlt Ac. rr puled a substitite there- fur, which pasaj i t first reauing. , - - . Mr. Kienle introduced a rs solution propne- , ing that the two Houses go into an election-; of Comptroller this day at 1 1 o'clock, - Mr. Caldwell moved In strikeout l;nmp- Iroller and insert U. 8. Senator which wst agreed to and the resolution wit adopted. 1 he engrossed hill in establish Ihe liana nf Yet eyvil'e, wat i ejected en he eeetxtd read ing, 0 fat 31. A motion nf Mr. Howerlo leeonsuler ihe vote by which tht - bill In incorporate the llink nf Ihe 1 nbaeconisl waa rejected, waa laid cm the table. r - - ; The Senate adjourned, ' - . . HOUSE OF COMMONS. , ! Wednesday. Dee. 1,18.53. By leave of lha TTonsa Mr. Ellis, of Edge." combe. Introduced a hill, accompanied hy tne. mortals, lo establish new county to be calls,! , W ilson , oul of portions of bdgecombe, John- lion and fi: iVBe'errcd to co.nmiiiec on proposition and grievances. ;'" . Mr. Amis moved lo lay ihe unfinished ho. sinrss of yesterday, bring the bill concerning iht Cipe Feir and Deep river navigation com (any, on Ihe table which did nol prevail. ' Mr. I'.ig? moved to postpone the furibvv -consideration nf the bill to naif Wednesday, svhich wat not agreed lo. The question then occurred ' upon ihe a- " uirndineul offered hy Mr. Saunders of Wske, requiring the contractors lo give (masl ami teeurity. ' ' , Mr. Turner, of Orange spoke at snms length in fsvor of the bill, and Mr Brooks against' it. :', - ' ; '' ..-"i " The hour of II o'clock having arrived ihe -Speaker announced the special order In be Ihe bill In incorporate Ihe North Carolina and Aliunde Railroad company J whi, h nn mo tion, of Mr. Reid.of Hiipliu, wit laid on the table.""' - " "' ':"-'' The Speaker announced lhat he had re ceived a message from tht Senate proposing to vote for U, H, Senator at 1 1 o'clock, which c.Mihl not be considered unlets the uiiriniibvd buineat waa suspended. - - v. Mr. Jteid of Duplin, moved to lay tht bill on the table, which did not prevail, . Mr. Fagg again moved iu posimne h to ' Wedneaday next, which motion Ihe Speaker ruled oul of order. Mr. Dargan then tddressed the House at length in favor of ihe bill. The Speaker tnnouueed. a message from the Governor, rewiied on Monday last, transm I ing the returns r the Sheriffs (or fc... actors of President and Vice President, with communication designating the nersone cheseu, Tlie Comiuuiifcalion wat sent lo the- Sensle. ' - - - - " f- ' J Mr. Caldwell, of Guilford, obtained ihe Door, bill gave wsy In Mr. Avery, who mnv. ed to adjourn until 10 o'clock to-morrow, in-, asmuch at ihe Clectort would be in session tint evening, and Ihe motion prevailed. SENATE. . . Xnuasnsy, Deo. t, 1833. Mr, Shaw, from lha committee on fish inr. nude a report en behalf of the minority of taid eommillee, protesting against any legislsimn fixing t lay day out of every seven and showing the necessity fur fishing whenever' the winds would admit that Ihe airong winde frequtnUy prohibited fishing for week.." , Mr. '1 liomat. from tlie committee on la sr aal Improvements, reported back the bill in structing tha Trossi.r r In sube i'o lor f 0 1 shares in the r sytlteville and Western I'lank road eompsny, , . ; , . Mr. Boyd offered a resolution that a met- . sage be sent to Ihe llouso of Commons, lhat ' a committee of three on part of each House be raised, whose duly it sh iel be in designate the lime for comparing the rota for Govern or. ; , " ". ' . ': . ' - ' ,' Mr. T F. Jonet inlr.tdt.ccd a bin in refer ence in the town of Flizalteih City. ;'" Mr. Washington introduced a bill to tmenj an set concerning divorce and alimony. ' Mr. McMillan introduced a bill In improve the South West branch of New Rivar, in Ibe county nf Ontlow, ' Mr. Cow per introduced a biU io incorpo rate Sunlmry Divwioo, Son of Temper, ance. Mr. Albright moved lo reconsider the vote hy which die Yvncyvillf llank bill wat re- -jecled on yestcrdsy. , ' Mr. Washington moved to hy tht motion on Ihe table I which was nol agreed la. . The motion to reconsider llien prevailed ; an.l the; "Hill passed itt" scTrrtamg-vaw''-25, na)S 18. ' ' ' r Mr. Caldwell moved to send a mc sjs ti
The North-Carolina Star (Raleigh, N.C.)
Standardized title groups preceding, succeeding, and alternate titles together.
Dec. 8, 1852, edition 1
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